Showing posts with label Camellia Symphony. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Camellia Symphony. Show all posts

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Meet Our Operatic Rising Stars

March 15, 2020 at beautiful C.K. McClatchy Auditorium in Sacramento. For Tickets and the full program listing, CLICK HERE.

Since 2015, it has been my honor and pleasure to promote and showcase the talent of several extraordinary young musicians as soloists with the Camellia Symphony Orchestra in Sacramento. 

This year, for the first time, we will feature extremely promising opera singers. It's been wonderful to collaborate with Prof. Robin Fisher from Sacramento State School of Music, and to put together a program that creates a platform for these young talented singers to gain valuable experience, and for our audience to be blown away by their remarkable musicianship and beautiful voices. In addition to several Sac State alumni, we are also featuring mezzo-soprano Monica Danilov, who is a native of Sacramento, and lives in Bogotá (Colombia), where she is on the faculty at Universidad de los Andes.

With the goal of getting to know a little bit about each of the seven singers participating in our performance, I asked each of them to provide their answers for three questions. Below are their colorful and illuminating answers:


MONICA DANILOV


Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Monica Danilov: I don't really remember a time when I decided, it just happened, in the sense that I had been singing and had been involved with music since I was a child, so when it was time to decided on a mayor to study (around the age of 18), I didn't think twice about studying vocal performance and becoming an opera singer.

 -Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?

Opera is important to me because it is an expression of art at its largest form. It includes all forms of artistic expression at the same time: music, dance, acting, visual arts, and so many other art forms. It shows the singer as an athlete in the sense that we sometimes must sing for hours without a microphone using our bodies and our voice constantly. I think this art form is very relevant in todays world because it is just as relevant as reading a novel or watching a movie. We are watching entertaining stories being unraveled before us which cannot be repeated: each show is live and is unique in its own way, no two shows are exactly the same.

-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?

My anecdotes about being a singer often have to do with the stage itself, not so much the singing. Nobody really tells you while your in school that the set may move while you are beside it, or sometimes on top of it.. As movements are often happening during the show. Sometimes things don´t always go as planned and pieces move when they shouldn't.  So for example, I was working at this Theatre in Bogota, Colombia singing 42 shows of The Sound of Music, and while my cast and I were singing the "concert" scene, pieces of the constructed "theatre" behind us were supposed to come down and be placed on the stage. Well, something happened behind the scenes and the pieces came down, touched the stage and then continued to move forward, looking like it would fall on top of us or the orchestra in the pit. Fortunately this didn't happen, and the show went on, but you just never know what can happen on stage externally to singing or acting that are just out of your control- so its important to always stay alert and in the moment.



AMANDINE EDWARDS


Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Amandine Edwards: This is a two-part answer. I first wanted to be an opera singer when I was thirteen years old, I started taking private lessons, but due to extenuating circumstances I stopped after a couple years and turned my attention to medicine. I studied medicine in university for three years until I realized just how much I missed music, and came to understand just how integral music was in my life (also, I was constantly singing to the cadavers in anatomy and physiology labs!).  I switched my major to vocal performance, and I never looked back.

-Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?

In the past I’ve heard the argument against opera being “well, it’s in a language I don’t understand, and that’s why I don’t listen to it.” But as we’ve seen with the recent advent of the international K-Pop explosion, a language barrier certainly did not deter the thousands, if not millions, of people from listening to K-Pop artists (and I sincerely doubt that all of these listeners became fluent in Korean in order to understand the songs). The music is felt, the intentions of the song can intrinsically be understood.

Opera, to me, is the ultimate expression of the human spirit, made so by the sheer power of the unadulterated, unamplified, untampered, pure human voice. Opera is vocal athleticism at its finest, dealing with the extremes of dynamic and pitch, from the softest floating high pianissimo to the most bombastic fortissimo; opera uses this immense arsenal to bring poignant emotion to life to its ultimate degree. 

We see all the time in film, even videogames, the utilization of the operatic/classical voice, it is used in moments of extremes, often in scenes depicting anger and sadness. Particularly it is used to convey a sense of “epic-ness,” especially in war films; this vocal quality, its power as well as its delicacy, beautifully serves the emotion of the scene. Opera deals with big human themes just like theatre does: love, revenge, despair, and so on. The operatic medium adds its own gravitas, breadth, and depth to these themes and situations; and is most certainly still relevant to our present day, the old repertoire as well as the new shows being, and yet to be, composed.

Opera is grand and grandiose, larger than life, the emotional stakes are incredibly high; there is nothing quite like it, it is the ultimate art form.


-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?

In the world of classical music and opera there may exist this veneer of seriousness and sophistication, but all of that goes out the window in the training process. You have to be ready and willing to try anything to get the best sound, or in understanding the optimal internal sensations in order to produce the best sound, from: snorting like a pig, making sirens, singing bent over, singing through a straw, to imagining you have a laser beam shooting out of the top of your head, and many, MANY, more.

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GALINA ORLOVA


Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Galina Orlova: When I was a little girl, I remember hearing opera singers on the radio at home.  My mother would take us to performances in Minsk at the Bolshoi Opera House of Belarus. As a little girl, I loved to see the women come to the theater in beautiful evening dresses, and men in tuxedos. Hearing the opera singers seemed to be something fantastic, even unreal. How can a human sing like that? I believed that opera singers were people from heaven, or they had kind of device built into their throats so that they can make such sounds ...))) lol.

Since infancy, I have absorbed beautiful music. My mother was the first one to teach me to sing; we sang together often at church. She passed away a few years ago, and it has been hard to sing on without her.

Despite the fact that I dreamed of becoming a surgeon, I loved music so much. The opera pulled me like a magnet, and one day I embraced the goal to become an opera singer. I knew it is a very complicated art-- just right for me!  I love the challenge of the impossible .... lol. As I began to study opera in more detail, I began to love it even more and more. Opera is not just singing, not just acting or a movie. It is an entire life that the characters experience on stage, a whole era, with all its beauty, pain and passion.  I really love what I do!


-Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?

Opera is an elite art.  Out of 50 audience members, only 1 may really love this art form.  The remaining 49 come to the theater to understand this art and touch something high and inaccessible.

We live in the time of fast-food, but opera is like eating in an expensive Italian restaurant, where you will taste the chef's masterpieces.  Of course, opera is a very complex art, and the singer must be intellectual, have an exceptional voice and solid vocal technique, as well as acting skills to portray the character, have a great appearance and have a special talent to convey to the public the plans of the composer.  This is all very complicated...
Opera is an absolute--a thing of great beauty imparted to us, and touching it can only make a person better. Yes, opera is in a realm to itself and remains the highest, sometimes even incomprehensible art.
This is a very solemn, massive, expensive thing! The opera is not designed for a quick effect, but for long contemplation. So a city with an opera company is a high-level city. Theater is something that cannot be carried on a flash drive--it is a live experience with a direct emotional connection between the viewer and the singer.
Nowadays, theater directors offer innovative productions, and they are very modern.  I believe opera will never become obsolete, just like expensive Swiss watches that do not feature new-fangled digital displays, and just like the most expensive supercars that are not intended to be economical, practical or affordable. Just like an expensive classic tuxedo, opera will remain elite and ageless.
Opera unites generations: it will become very popular and prestigious among the younger generation. Therefore, through my love of opera, and my singing, I would like to show the beauty and meaning of this art.

-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?

-Very often in my life, like in the life of other musicians, funny and curious situations occur during rehearsals, and especially during performances.  I want to share what occurred recently.  A couple of years ago, I sang Handel’s aria, "Rejoice greatly," from  Messiah with an orchestra and choir.  That evening we performed the entire oratorio.  An orchestra and choir were behind me. My professor stood at the end of the auditorium and observed how beautifully the choir sang.  And suddenly, during my singing, he abruptly ran to the stage, to the  frightened response of the conductor and bewilderment in public.  I could not understand what was happening and panicked, but continued to sing all the melismas ...)))) I even thought that I was singing wrong or in the wrong language ...)  ))) It turned out that one of the singers in the choir had fainted.  Thank God all was well with her.  But this moment made me understand how important it is to stay focused in performance, and to be prepared for all situations.

I also want to share one more funny thing. Once at a concert I had exactly two minutes to go backstage and change my dress. I left the stage and quickly changed my dress. I was ready to go out to perform the following song, and I was already on the stage as the musicians played the introduction, when the thought struck me: did I zip up the dress?
Honestly, this thought tormented me during my performance singing, mixed with thoughts about the song and vocal technique.  I will never forget the feelings that overwhelmed me.  So now I check 10 times whether the dress is zipped before going on stage.



KATIE THORPE

Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Katie Thorpe: I decided to become an opera singer when I first saw an opera at Sacramento State a few years ago.

-Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?

Opera is important to me because through it I have been able to find my own niche, what I am truly capable of. I do think that opera is relevant in today's society because it has been developed as more operas are still being composed. I think that operas can represent the extremes of the world while also showcasing the extreme abilities of the voice. 

-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?



Opera is an opportunity to make lasting friendships and become inspired by the people around you who are thriving within opera. 


JUSTIN BIRCHELL


Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Justin Birchell: I saw my first opera, Turandot, at age 14, and it blew my mind. With 0 training, I used to walk around the halls of my high school singing opera arias. Finally, a friend encouraged me to audition for the local opera chorus and I did. The next year I had my first solo role (Gregorio in Romeo et Juliette) and, after that, I was hooked!
-Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?

Opera is just another way of telling human stories and exploring human psychology. Because the art form is extremely stylized and unrealistic, it allows access to more abstract aesthetic realms. For the thinking art-consumer, opera is a fascinating field of interplay between the physical body (which after all is the source of the voice), and the extremely cerebral realm of musical ideas and aesthetic impressions. Opera has the power to be relevant, although to my mind social relevance is not the crowning goal of artistic endeavor.


-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?

One of my favorite activities in my performing life has been participating in the Gluck Fellows Music Outreach Program, performing opera and musical theatre excerpts for underprivileged school kids and elderly folks in nursing homes throughout the LA area. The engagement of these audiences and their capacity to be enraptured and entertained by this music is more heartwarming than many an opening-night standing ovation.



AARON GALLINGTON

Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Aaron Gallington: I decided to become an opera singer my junior year of college while studying with American tenor Henry Price at Pepperdine University. Dr. Price gave me the encouragement as well as the training necessary to continue my vocal studies and pursue singing classically. I am forever in his debt for recognizing my abilities, supporting me with kindness and patience, and giving me opportunities to explore this amazing art form. 

-Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?
Opera is important to me personally because it is an art form that allows a part of my soul free. It can be hard to describe but there is something very restorative and joyful about allowing ones voice to soar with such beautiful music. Opera is a dramatic and emotional musical experience that envelopes the audience in the human experience like no other art form can. To hear and feel the human voice as it portrays many of life’s experiences is something quite astounding. I believe that this art form is necessary in today’s world because it allows us to escape our day to day challenges and experiences, but unlike technology or social media, it is experienced as a fleeting moment in time created only for the audience who has come to appreciate it. Opera may not appeal to all people but for those who take the time to experience and appreciate it, it can be a deeply rewarding and wonderful experience. 

-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?

I began learning the role of Rodolfo for a summer program with my university where we studied in Heidelberg, Germany. Of course as a group we traveled to some of the famous opera houses around Europe. In La Scala in Milan my director pushed me and my counterpart Mimi into singing O soave fanciula in the gilded lobby. The tourists around us all loved it however a representative of the opera house quickly came up to us and told us to stop singing immediately because they were having a rehearsal on stage and the conductor was very annoyed! We had a good laugh and now I can say I have sung in one of the world’s most famous opera houses! 


 MATT HIDALGO

Christian Baldini: When did you decide to become an opera singer?

Matt Hidalgo: I was 15 when I discovered I had a talent for singing. I attended high school in the heart of the "boy band" craze (cerca year 2000) and I have to admit, I was hooked! I loved how "high" these guys were singing and how much emotion they put in to every song. I really latched onto the R&B singers especially. I thought the good artists really knew how to move you, and that's what I wanted to do. I decided then that I wanted to be a pop star/R&B singer when I grew up! I ended up joining the choir at the high school my Freshman year and I loved it! The next year, my Dad purchased voice lessons as a birthday present for me. 

A few weeks later, I started voice lessons with my High School choir teacher; who also happened to be a budding opera singer himself. He let me know during the first lesson, "I don't teach pop, but what I will teach you, you can apply to a wide variety of different styles of singing." I thought, "sure!" I loved that and he knew exactly which song to give me as my first art song, "O del mio dolce ardor," by Christoph Willibald Gluck. It was perfect with all of it's color and melismas that it perfectly suited my transition from pop to a classical music. 

It wasn't until my senior year of high school that I decided to purchase some classical cds, for reference of course. I had heard a lot about this "Pavarotti guy", but really had no clue who he was or how he sounded. I walked into a Borders (when they were still around), went to the classical section and selected three Pavarotti CDs and one Three Tenors CD (I had a gift card). When I got to my car, I opened one of the CDs (Pavarotti's Romantica Album) and fast forwarded to the first aria, "Che gelida manina," from La Boheme. I was immediately transformed, transfixed, memorized, words cannot describe what I felt in that moment. I can still remember the beauty in tone and brilliance of his high notes and I thought to myself, "this is better than any of the pop stars I know!" I decided right then that I wanted to become an opera singer and devote my life to this art form. From that point forward, I have dedicated my life to voice and classical music. I love to perform this genre and count myself lucky every time I have an opportunity. My drive is to turn my love for music into a sustainable career and develop as a full time opera singer. 

-Why is opera important to you? In your opinion, is this art form relevant and necessary in today's world?

Opera is important to me for many reasons. The first and most important, is the music. There are very few art forms which can be considered "timeless" and opera is one of them. With every new generation of performers comes a new interpretation of a work in new and exciting ways. I love to sing arias because there is always a character behind what you are singing, with goals, a history, and trying to get somewhere. As the singer, I have the opportunity to internalize these goals and emotions and interpret them in any number of ways. That's the beauty of opera! Everyone has their own interpretation, and most of the time everyone is right! For example, the aria, "Vesti la guibba," from Leoncavallo's Pagliacci, depending on the singer, Canio's aria can be sung contemplatively, angrily, whoa-fully, sarcastically, it all depends on the singer. I love that about opera. 

Opera is also very interactive. There are very few solo operas, so one has to be able to work with others and play off of each other to make an ensemble work. One of the greatest joys for me when I perform opera, is the other talented singers I get to make beautiful music with. Nothing makes me more happy than performing a Mozart ensemble scene, and all players are in-sync...it's magic. 

I think opera can be made more relevant for today's audience, and I think the genre is going more that direction. Opera companies are having to be more innovative. They employ galas, broadcasts, dinners, beer and wine tastings, and a large number of other things to bring the genre to new audiences. Opera is timeless and it is proven in its longevity. Bringing the genre to new audiences and connecting with them takes effort and purpose, but it's completely possible to keep opera thriving. 

-What are some fun anecdotes you can share with us about being a singer, whether in rehearsals, lessons, or professional experiences?

One other thing is I love how music can move some people to tears. One of the greatest joys I get from stage (and this may sound weird) is I love to see audience members crying/tearing up from the music they are experiencing. I know I am doing my job in conveying the emotion of the work and I know they are having a transformative experience. I strive to move someone to emotion in every performance I give as it fills my soul knowing I provided an amazing experience for someone else. 

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Bruckner Society President Interviews Christian Baldini

In the first part of this interview, Christian Baldini had the chance of asking Benjamin Korstvedt several questions about his research and Anton Bruckner's music. In this second part of the interview, the roles are reversed, and the musicologist is now the one asking the conductor some questions.

Benjamin Korstvedt: I bet your fans would be interested to hear what you as a conductor find to be most challenging about a Bruckner symphony?   Perhaps more important, what’s most exciting about leading one of his symphonies?

Christian Baldini: As a conductor, encountering a symphony by Anton Bruckner represents many challenges. The sound world is very different from any other composer. This is music that at times seems to come from another universe, so it takes some time getting not only acquainted with it, but also comfortable, as if learning a new language until you speak it fluently. Its extraordinary dimensions and seemingly quirky sonic structures also are a challenge. One has to build and sustain tension, and learn how to release it, through these journeys; one has to navigate through modulations and find a way to arrive somewhere refreshed, without a sense of exhaustion. I think these challenges are precisely what make conducting his music so exciting as well. There is nothing else like it!

BK:  Bruckner’s use of the brass section is one of the most striking elements in the soundscapes of his symphonies.  Do the brass players generally relish the chance to play Bruckner?  What other instruments play distinctive roles?

CB: Yes, of course, Bruckner is a great favorite of most (maybe all) Brass players. You see, many composers restrict the use of certain instruments, where they end up waiting, counting rests, and occasionally come and play for a few bars, to continue waiting until the next distant entrance. Bruckner really builds blocks of sound with the brass, and naturally brass players relish the opportunity to play these wonderful chorales, fanfares, and lyrical lines that he wrote for them. String players also have various distinctive roles, from the (in)famous Bruckner tremolo (with which he stars all of his symphonies!) to the tender, lyrical singing, to the Wagnerian flourishes (for example in the second movement of the 7th) that might be reminiscent of the Tannhäuser Overture. 

BK:  People who love Bruckner were often powerfully struck by his music the first time they heard it, like a thunderbolt!  Did something that happen to you?

CB: I remember my first contact with his music. On a trip to New York with my father, I purchased a double CD set conducted by Eugen Jochum, which included the 8th and 9th symphonies. It was not the usual path (which for most people might be to begin with the 4th), but I immediately fell in love with the bursts of energy, the lyricism, the warmth and the powerful sonorities that his music presented me with. It was so different from all the other composers I had been interested (at that time I was familiar with most of Mahler's Symphonies, and as a student in Buenos Aires I had been also listening to the Ring Cycle. This music was different, directly, from the start. And it captivated me! 


BK:  Do you have a special piece of advice for the audience that will help them appreciate the performance?

CB: More than anything else, I like to let music speak for itself. My advice to someone who comes to Bruckner as a newcomer is to not necessarily try to understand it or label it, or to define it with words. Sometimes the best possible option is to absorb it, feel it, let it sink in. And have patience. In the midst of our hectic contemporary lives, sometimes we deny ourselves the calm moments to read a good book, to go see a theatre company performance, to enjoy the live performance of symphonic music or opera. We have everything at our fingertips right from home, Netflix, Spotify, Google Music and Apple Music, and it is easy to forget how special a live performance can be. Give yourselves the chance to appreciate what human beings in front of you can do for you, with their hearts beating faster and slower depending on how they are performing, breathing with the music, shaping a phrase, becoming more and more involved and committed in the performance. Allow yourself to enjoy the vastness of Bruckner's music, as if you were entering a temple or a palace, whose rooms you were not yet familiar with. I think you will enjoy the various presences that you will encounter in this journey.


Christian Baldini - PC: Lance Zihao Chen



Bruckner Scholar Benjamin Korstvedt in Conversation with Christian Baldini


On February 22, I will be conducting Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 with the Camellia Symphony Orchestra in Sacramento. Below is an exchange that I had with the leading Bruckner scholar Professor Benjamin Korstvedt. For part 2 of this interview (with Prof. Korstvedt interviewing Christian Baldini, reversing roles) click here.

Christian Baldini: Professor Korstvedt, first of all, thank you very much for your time and willingness to share your insight about the music of Anton Bruckner with me and our followers in the Sacramento region. You have written some wonderful program notes for us, and I'll take advantage of this opportunity to ask you a few questions about this man and his music. In your opinion, what is it that makes Bruckner's music so distinctive, and so different from any other composer?

Benjamin Korstvedt:  It is always a pleasure to be able to talk about Bruckner.  His music is so wonderful and truly multifaceted, but not as well-known as it should be.  In a sense, I almost envy folks who will be encountering his music for the first time in concert.  A Bruckner performance is a true experience.  There is so much to discover and enjoy!
To me, perhaps the single most distinctive quality of his symphonies is, simply, how splendid they sound.  Bruckner uses a large orchestra to be sure, but even more important is how he uses it.  He obviously was much attuned to the sonorous qualities of music, a sensibility which must have been informed by his lifelong activity as an organist.  The tonal palette of his music is wide and varied, nowhere more so than in the Seventh.  Listeners will be struck by the range of colors he creates in characterizing and building different sections.  Some passages are massive, to be sure, with full brass supported by the entire orchestra, but others are really subtle with one or two players in the foreground, often in very imaginative settings.
Also, the time-scale of his symphonies is highly distinctive.  They are not short, but despite what the clock seems to say, they do not feel long in the usual sense.  Bruckner has a special sense of time.  In the Adagio in particular, time becomes different, almost meditative, some listeners feel it is cosmic in some way.  It invites you to enter into its pace, which can become a most intense experience, if you accept that invitation.

CB: Please tell us about the dynamics in the music world in this particular time in history. The relationship between Bruckner and Wagner, and those contrasting or opposite figures such as Brahms or Hanslick.

BK:  That’s an important topic.  Music held great importance in Vienna at that time.  The city was very proud of its image as “Musikstadt Wien”—Vienna, the City of Music.  And people really did care about music.  The Viennese music world was quite polarized, though.  There were those who valued a more traditional, classical style; Brahms was the greatest figure on this side.  Others were more committed to the ideals of musical innovation, exploring new styles, forms and realm of expression.  In many ways, Richard Wagner was the figurehead of this.  Bruckner did not fit into this bipolar scheme very easily; he admired Wagner and was certainly innovative in style but was also deeply rooted in Austrian musical traditions as well.  He became identified as symphonic composer of the Wagnerian school, a view he encouraged in certain ways. 
His music was embraced by segments of the Viennese musical world, particularly among younger listeners, but he also had some committed antagonists.  Hanslick, the most influential critic in Vienna, if not Europe, was often harsh in his criticism.  He and Bruckner were also colleagues on the faculty of the University of Vienna and some professional tensions spilled over.   Brahms, who was a friend and ally of Hanslick, was notorious for his disdain for Bruckner.  In private he called him a “poor, deluded fellow” whose “symphonic boa constrictors” were “a swindle” and would be forgotten in a few years.  Clearly, he felt a little bit of resentment, and I suspect jealousy towards him.  Bruckner was more gracious.  He said once, “He is Brahms, and my hat is off to him.  But I like my things better!”

CB: If you had to describe in a few short sentences what makes Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 such a special piece, what would you say? And what would you say to people who claim they don't like Bruckner's music?

BK:  As I mentioned, the Seventh has a very distinctive sound world, as your listeners will immediately hear.  It is also a very lyrical symphony in many passages.  It opens with a wonderfully wide soaring melody sung by the cello section.  There are several stretches of really soulful lyricism from the cellos later too—one of the most remarkable occurs in the middle of the first movement (at the beginning of the development section).  The Adagio is also filled with very beautiful contrasts.  The way that the grave lament of its opening section fades away and suddenly dissolves to reveal a totally different music of lilting beauty in the full string section never fails to move me.
            For those who think they don’t like Bruckner my simple advice is to listen with an open mind (and open ears and open heart, too).   Enjoy the sounds and allow yourself to enter into the symphony’s time zone and soundscapes, even try to breathe with the music as you listen.  Be open to its expressive world.  This music will speak to you if you give it a chance.

CB: With most if not all of Bruckner's works there are multiple editions and versions. You have in fact published the first modern edition of the 1888 version of his Fourth Symphony for the Bruckner Collected Works edition of 2004. Can you explain to people the reasons why his works have been exposed to so many revisions and different versions? Furthermore, could you tell us what your research has shown and what your conclusion is about the use of the percussion, in particular the famous cymbal clash in the 2nd movement (that some editions, including the Haas omit)?

BK: The roots of this situation lie in numerous circumstances.  The starting point was Bruckner’s approach to composition and revision, which involved a good deal of revision before he produced the best possible final version.  In some cases, he actually produced several distinct versions of most of his symphonies.  He left autograph scores of his nine symphonies to the Court Library in Vienna in his will and this bequeathal greatly facilitated access to earlier, unpublished versions of several of his symphonies.  After Bruckner’s death, scholars and editors became fascinated with these unpublished scores and tried to produce new versions that were somehow more authentic than what had been published in Bruckner’s time. These efforts did produce some valuable results and new discoveries but also sowed confusion, especially when some editors became overzealous in their efforts to rediscover the “true Bruckner.”  Haas’s edition of the Seventh is classic example of this.  In a spirit of overidentification with his self-appointed task, Haas became convinced on little evidence that Bruckner did not truly want to include the tympani, cymbal and triangle that sound so dramatically at the climax of the Adagio.  Haas claimed, despite that fact that these parts are written into the score in Bruckner’s hand, that they had been foisted upon him by his students and Arthur Nikisch, the conductor of the first performance.  Numerous complex decisions and judgment are inevitably involved in editing Bruckner, but nowadays very few serious scholars indeed would agree with Haas’s interpretation.  
In many ways the extraordinary attention given to topic of Bruckner versions has not helped Bruckner’s cause.  For many fans it stirs up an air of intrigue that carries its own appeal, often, alas, quite distant from historical facts and even actual musical issues.  And along the way, it can generate feelings of both righteousness and indignation about the “right” and “wrong” versions.  All of this carries the danger of distracting from the actual musical experience of a Bruckner symphony, which should of course be paramount.

Click here to read the second part of this interview, where the musicologist is asking the conductor some questions about Bruckner.



Benjamin Korstvedt graduated summa cum laude from Clark University in 1987 with a B.A. in Music and received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1995. He joined the Clark faculty in 2002, where he is now Professor of Music.  He has served as Chair of the Department of Visual and Performing Arts and as Program Director for Music. He is also affiliated with the program in Media, Culture and the Arts and German Studies.  Before coming to Clark, Professor Korstvedt taught at the University of St. Thomas, Ball State University, and the University of Iowa.  He has held fellowships with the American Musicological Society, the NEH, the Mannes Institute for Advanced Studies in Music, and the Internationales Forschungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften (International Research Center in Cultural Studies) in Vienna

Professor Korstvedt is the author of a critical study of the musical aesthetics of the German philosopher Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) entitled Listening for Utopia in Ernst Bloch's Musical Philosophy.   The book, which is the first work in English to address this topic, explicates central themes of Bloch's philosophy of music and develops them through essays on works by Wagner, Mozart, Bruckner and Brahms.

Professor Korstvedt is also a leading scholar of the Austrian composer Anton Bruckner (1824-96). His work has explored the complex text-critical issues surrounding Bruckner's works, the reception of his music by critics and scholars in the Third Reich, the place of Bruckner's music in the culture of fin-de-siècle Vienna, and the form and meaning of Bruckner's symphonies. He has published numerous articles on these topics and has presented papers at conferences and symposia in the United States, Canada, England, Germany, Hungary, and Austria.  In 2000, he published a monograph on Bruckner's Eighth Symphony that considers the history, musical design, aesthetic meaning, and performance of that great work.
He published the first modern edition of the 1888 version of Bruckner's Fourth Symphony for the Bruckner Collected Works edition in 2004.   This version of the symphony has been performed internationally in Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Austria, as well as in the U.S.  A video production of a performance by the Cleveland Orchestra, conducted by Franz Welser-Möst in the St. Florian Abbey, Austria has appeared on DVD (Euroarts).  The Minnesota Orchestra gave the score its American premiere and recorded it on CD under the direction of Osmo Vänskä, (BIS SACD 1746) in 2010.
In 2010 Professor Korstvedt was awarded the Julio Kilenyi Medal of Honor in recognition of his achievements in promoting the better understanding and appreciation of the music of Anton Bruckner.
In 2007 Professor Korstvedt was a Senior Fellow as the Internationales Forschungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften (International Research Center in Cultural Studies) in Vienna.  His project there, "Rhetorical excess and the cultural unconscious in Viennese music criticism," explored music criticism as a public discourse in fin-de-siècle Vienna.  Professor Korstvedt is currently President of the Bruckner Society of America.  He also has a long interest in the music of Joseph Haydn and has served as Vice President of the Haydn Society of North America.  His current projects include essays on fraught aspects of bourgeois consciousness as expressed in Schubert's epic mode, in Brahms's revisions of the Trio, op. 8, and in the psycho-social drama of Wagner's Die Meistersinger.